RESUMO
Brian Plosky provides some context for a debate over the use of "intrinsically disordered" to describe regions of proteins.
Assuntos
Proteínas Intrinsicamente Desordenadas , Proteínas Intrinsicamente Desordenadas/metabolismo , Conformação ProteicaRESUMO
In this editorial, Brian Plosky makes a distinction between retracting papers because of honest errors of interpretation and other types of retractions.
RESUMO
Transcription and genome stability have somewhat of a love-hate relationship. In a recent issue of Cell, Ohle et al. (2016) demonstrate a previously unappreciated mechanism by which transcription and RNA contribute to genome stability.
Assuntos
Reparo do DNA , RNA , DNA , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Dano ao DNARESUMO
Targeting point mutations using CRISPR/Cas9 so far has required efficient homologous recombination (HR) and donor oligonucleotides. In a recent Nature paper, Komor and colleagues (2016) describe a way to make specific base changes that does not depend on HR or donor DNA and does not involve making double-strand breaks.
Assuntos
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Edição de Genes/métodos , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida/métodos , Mutação Puntual , Animais , Recombinação Homóloga , HumanosRESUMO
During the gap between G1 and S phases when replication origins are licensed and fired, it is possible that DNA translocases could disrupt pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs). In this issue of Molecular Cell, Gros et al. (2015) find that pre-RCs can be pushed along DNA and retain the ability to support replication.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Manutenção de Minicromossomo/metabolismo , Origem de Replicação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genéticaRESUMO
If a double-strand break (DSB) occurs and either a DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase is coming along, how do we save the train? In this issue of Molecular Cell, Ui et al. (2015) describe a connection between an elongation factor and a repressive complex to prevent transcription in proximity to a DSB.
Assuntos
Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Reparo do DNA , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Complexo Repressor Polycomb 1/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMO
Our understanding of the dynamics of replication fork-associated protein strand specificity is based largely on genetic or in vitro approaches. Yu et al. (2014) present eSPAN, a ChIP approach that reveals differences between protein abundance on nascent leading and lagging strands.
Assuntos
Replicação do DNA , DNA Fúngico/biossíntese , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genéticaRESUMO
RNAs transcribed from enhancers (eRNAs) have been linked to enhancer function. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Schaukowitch et al. (2014) show that upon activation, eRNAs can bind NELF and are necessary for its transient removal from promoters to release paused RNA polymerase II and drive expression of immediate-early genes in neurons.
Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Modelos Genéticos , RNA Longo não Codificante/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/fisiologia , AnimaisRESUMO
Very few specific functions have been assigned to ultraconserved regions. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Liz et al. (2014) describe how a lncRNA transcribed from an ultraconserved region can negatively regulate miRNA maturation.
Assuntos
MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/fisiologia , HumanosRESUMO
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a major source of genome instability; however, recent studies from Lee et al. (2014) and Orthwein et al. (2014) show why, at least during mitosis, suppression of DSB repair is important.
Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatases/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMO
Human DNA polymerases η and ι are best characterized for their ability to facilitate translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Both polymerases (pols) co-localize in 'replication factories' in vivo after cells are exposed to ultraviolet light and this co-localization is mediated through a physical interaction between the two TLS pols. We have mapped the polη-ι interacting region to their respective ubiquitin-binding domains (UBZ in polη and UBM1 and UBM2 in polι), and demonstrate that ubiquitination of either TLS polymerase is a prerequisite for their physical and functional interaction. Importantly, while monoubiquitination of polη precludes its ability to interact with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), it enhances its interaction with polι. Furthermore, a polι-ubiquitin chimera interacts avidly with both polη and PCNA. Thus, the ubiquitination status of polη, or polι plays a key regulatory function in controlling the protein partners with which each polymerase interacts, and in doing so, determines the efficiency of targeting the respective polymerase to stalled replication forks where they facilitate TLS.
